Potagarh Fort, Ganjam: A Buried Testament of Odisha’s Colonial Past

Submerged on the banks of the Rushikulya River near the Bay of Bengal, Potagarh Fort stands as a silent sentinel to centuries of history — from medieval dynasties and foreign powers to colonial administrations. Often referred to locally as the “buried fort,” Potagarh is one of Odisha’s most intriguing historical ruins, beckoning history lovers, photographers, and inquisitive travelers alike.

As we started our journey towards this historic place from Bhubaneswar, around 120 km near Ganjam we discovered this tourist attraction and jumped to explore it.

Origins & Etymology: Why “The Buried Fort”?

The name Potagarh (or Potagada) comes from the Odia words meaning “buried fort” — a nod to the structure’s low profile and partially sunken appearance that makes it blend almost invisibly with the landscape when viewed from afar. Even today, its remnants lie low against the earth, as though time itself is trying to reclaim its stones.

The warden at the fort explained about the history, related kings and dynasty, though he did not perfectly know about the history,  he told us that the secret tunnel connecting to the river was used by the queen while taking a bath.

Also Read: Labanagiri Jagannath Temple: Where Nature, History, and Faith Meet

A Fort of Many Rulers

Potagarh’s story isn’t tied to a single empire — it reflects the layered history of rule by several powers:

Early Foundations

Some historians assert that the site may have been fortified as early as the 17th century, possibly under the Kutabshahi Sultanate, reflecting an Islamic architectural influence.

French Occupation

In 1753, the Northern Circars — including Ganjam — were granted to the French, who used the fort and surrounding settlement as a regional stronghold. French commander Monsieur de Bussy is believed to have strengthened the site, and French presence is attested by tombs in the cemetery nearby.

British Era & Collectorate

By 1766–1768, the British East India Company had taken control. Edward Costford, the first British resident of Ganjam, oversaw expansion and construction at Potagarh, and the fort became the first Collectorate complex for the Ganjam district — essentially the administrative headquarters — until 1815. Later this was moved to Berhampur and eventually to Chhatrapur.

Architectural Highlights: A Star Among Forts

Although much of Potagarh lies in ruins today, its star-shaped layout is a unique architectural trait that once gave it strategic strength against invaders.

Some of its noteworthy features include:

• Pentagonal Design: The fort’s plan was laid out in a pentagon or star shape — an unusual style that maximized defensive angles.
• Thick Ramparts & Moat: The compound was surrounded by an 8-foot thick wall and a deep moat on three sides — formidable defensive elements in their time.
• Passages to the River: Two eastern passages led directly to the river — one believed to have been a secret escape route into the Bay of Bengal, and the other possibly for more quotidian uses like river access.
• Multiple Residences: Within the compound were three residential buildings, each reflecting the architecture of its builders — Islamic, French, and British.

These structural elements still hint at Potagarh’s former stature as both a military stronghold and administrative center.

Also Read: Visiting Chilika Lake: From boats to cuisines

Life, Ruins & Local Legends

Today, large portions of Potagarh lie in ruins, with scattered stones and overgrown vegetation. Local lore even tells dramatic stories — such as a king escaping via the river passage during an attack or supernatural influences related to the fort-goddess — though these are more folklore than documented history.

While official records emphasize its archaeological value, local reviews suggest it’s a peaceful riverside spot ideal for photography and quiet exploration — albeit with no commercial amenities nearby.

Visiting Today: What to Know

• Location: Near the village of Ganjam, in Ganjam district, Odisha — on the Rushikulya river mouth.
• Accessibility: Close to National Highway 16 (formerly NH5), about 8–10 km from Chhatrapur and ~30–35 km from Berhampur City.
• Best Time to Visit: All year round, though coastal weather may vary seasonally.
• What to Expect: Ruined fort walls, river views, open grounds — ideal for history enthusiasts and photographers.

Why Potagarh Matters

Though overshadowed by more prominent forts in India, Potagarh is an archaeological gem that reflects the ebb and flow of coastal Odisha’s history — from medieval sultanates and European colonial powers to British administrative reorganization. Its strategic location, evocative ruins, and layered past make it an absorbing destination for travelers interested in history, architecture, and India’s colonial legacy.