Raja Rani Temple: A Marvel of Kalinga Architecture in Bhubaneswar

The Raja Rani Temple is nestled in the heart of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It stands as a testament to the grandeur of ancient Indian architecture. Known for its unique design and intricate carvings, this temple is a must-visit for history enthusiasts and architecture lovers alike. Let’s explore the fascinating history, architecture, and significance of this iconic temple.

Yesterday my friend Bhabani and I visited this monumental marvel. We booked tickets on the ASI online portal and entered the premises. I took my camera out and shot the mesmerizing views and videos. I tried to capture the architectural beauty of this 11th century stone structure.

The temple is believed to have been known originally as “Indreshvara Temple”. It is locally known as a “Love Temple”. The reason is the erotic carvings of women and men. There are also couples in the temple in devine poses.

History of Raja Rani Temple

The Raja Rani Temple dates back to the 11th century. It is believed to have been built by the Somavamsi dynasty. Unlike most temples in the region, this temple is not dedicated to any specific deity. This has led to various theories about its purpose. Some historians suggest it was initially a pleasure resort. Others believe it was a garden house for royal couples. This theory gives it the name “Raja Rani.” However, the absence of any idol within the temple is significant. Additionally, the presence of erotic carvings indicates that it might have been associated with tantric rituals.

Scholars suggest that the temple’s style indicates it may have been constructed by Somavamshi kings and queens who migrated from Central India to Odisha during that era.Rajarani temple is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a ticketed monument.

Architecture: A Showcase of Kalinga Style

The Raja Rani Temple is a stunning example of Kalinga architecture, characterized by its ornate carvings and distinctive structural elements. The temple stands on a high platform and is surrounded by a beautifully landscaped garden, adding to its aesthetic appeal.

The Odia temples have two parts namely the sanctum (deul) and the other is the place from where pilgrims view the sanctum (called jagamohana).

• Vimana (Sanctum): The central tower or Vimana of the temple rises majestically and is adorned with intricate carvings of gods, goddesses.The Rajarani Temple, constructed in the pancharatha style, stands on an elevated platform. Its central shrine, known as the vimana (sanctum), is crowned with a bada (curvilinear spire) that reaches a height of 18 meters (59 feet). The Vimana is a fundamental component of Kalinga architecture.
• Jagamohana (Porch): The entrance hall, or Jagamohana, is another architectural marvel.The jagamohana (porch), despite its pyramidal shape, stands as a distinct structure. It shows traces of the restoration carried out in 1903 CE after its collapse. The jagamohana’s internal dimensions are 17.83 feet (5.43 meters) by 17.83 feet (5.43 meters), and its external dimensions are 36 feet (11 meters) by 36 feet (11 meters). The tiered (pidha) jagamohana and its interior are both complete and unadorned. Its square plan differs from the rectangular plans of earlier temples.

Unlike the typical single spire (rekha) found in most Odisha temples, the Raja Rani Temple boasts a central spire surrounded by 32 smaller ones, arranged in two tiers. This architectural innovation bears striking resemblance to the spires found in the Khajuraho temples, making it a fascinating blend of different architectural styles.

Significance of Raja Rani Temple

While the Raja Rani Temple does not house any deity, it holds immense cultural and historical significance. The temple is often associated with tantric rituals, as indicated by its carvings and iconography. Its design and structure reflect the socio-cultural milieu of the period during which it was built.

Based on the Ekamra Purana, the temple was originally called Indreshvara. It was positioned to the east of Siddheshvara Temple. The image of Lakulisha is found in the lintel of the jagamohana. He is the founder of the Pashupatha sect of Shaivisim. He is in a seated posture with yogamuthra along with his disciples. Images of eight bearded ascetics are arranged on both sides of the images of Lakulisha. There are three panels on the facade of the main temple. These panels show images of Shiva dancing with his consort Parvati. They are in the company of attendants playing musical instruments.

The temple also stands as a symbol of the rich heritage of Odisha. It represents the evolution of temple architecture in the region. The artistry displayed in the carvings and the overall design of the temple is extraordinary. It is a testament to the advanced state of craftsmanship during the 11th century.

Festivals

The Department of Tourism of the Government of Odisha organises a Rajarani music festival at the temple every year. The festival takes place from 18 to 20 January. The temple focuses on classical music. All three styles of classical music -Hindustani, Carnatic and Odissi – are given equal importance. During the three-day festival, musicians from various regions of the country come together to perform. The festival, which began in 2003 CE, was initiated with the support of the Bhubaneswar Music Circle (BMC).

Visiting Raja Rani Temple

If you’re planning a visit to Bhubaneswar, the Raja Rani Temple should undoubtedly be on your itinerary. Here’s what you need to know:

• Location: The temple is located in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha. It is easily accessible by road and is about 4 km from the city center.
• Timings: The temple is open to visitors from 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM every day.
• Entry Fee: The entry fee is nominal, ₹20(online payment), ₹25(offline payment) with discounts available for children and senior citizens.
• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit the temple is during the winter months (October to March). During this period, the weather is pleasant. It is easier to explore the temple and its surroundings.

Also Read: Konark Sun Temple: A Historical and Architectural Marvel

Nearby Attractions

While you’re in Bhubaneswar, you can explore several other ancient temples and cultural sites:

• Lingaraj Temple: Just a few kilometers away. This is one of the most significant temples in Odisha. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• Mukteswara Temple: Known for its ornate gateway and exquisite carvings, this temple is a fine example of early Kalinga architecture.
• Odisha State Museum: For those interested in learning more about the history and culture of Odisha, this museum offers a comprehensive collection. It has a wide range of artifacts.

Conclusion

The Raja Rani Temple is more than just an architectural wonder; it is a window into the past, offering insights into the artistic and cultural heritage of Odisha. Whether you are a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or someone looking to explore the spiritual side of India, the Raja Rani Temple promises a unique experience. It promises an enriching experience.

Plan your visit today and step back in time to witness the glory of the Kalinga Empire at the Raja Rani Temple.

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